The Zerpix® formula was developed based on cell-signaling metabolites derived from a novel recombinant bacterial strain. This producer strain is capable of generating the unique metabolites h-IMS and SIT-31, which exhibit high bioactivity and biocompatibility with human tissues and function as potent signaling molecules for cellular receptors.
Following penetration through the epidermal barrier into the skin extracellular matrix (ECM), these metabolites are described as interacting with biological signaling pathways associated with skin regeneration. Despite different primary signaling triggers, both metabolites are described as acting synergistically by converging on a common downstream signaling cascade associated with regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis through the following growth factors:
- Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β): a key regulator of fibroblast activity associated with the synthesis of collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and other extracellular matrix components.
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): associated with angiogenic signaling pathways involved in the formation of new blood vessels, supporting oxygen and nutrient delivery required for extracellular matrix maintenance.
- Interleukins (e.g., IL-10): associated with anti-inflammatory signaling environments that support extracellular matrix homeostasis and help minimize matrix degradation.
The activity of these growth factors is associated with proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into new fibroblast cells, as well as stimulation of existing fibroblasts toward expression of the
COL1A1, COL1A2, COL1A3, HAS-2, AQP3, and related genes.
These biological processes are associated with increased production (up to
10–12-fold in experimental models) of key extracellular matrix components, including collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, aquaporins, and other structural molecules that contribute to the architecture of youthful skin.
As a result, these biological responses are associated with a reduction in the visible signs of skin aging and support improvements to skin firmness, density, elasticity, and barrier function.
Mechanism of Action of the h-IMS MetaboliteThe activity of the h-IMS metabolite is described through two parallel biological processes: stimulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) component synthesis by existing fibroblasts and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into new fibroblast cells.
- Stimulation of existing fibroblasts. ECM component synthesis by existing fibroblasts is associated with the release of multiple soluble signaling factors by MSCs, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors such as Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and interleukins (e.g., IL-10). These signaling molecules are associated with regulation of fibroblast activity and extracellular matrix synthesis.
- MSC proliferation and differentiation into fibroblast cells. MSCs are described as capable of migrating and differentiating into new, functionally active fibroblast cells. These fibroblast cells are associated with increased synthesis of type I and type III collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and other extracellular matrix components, supporting restoration of the structural integrity, firmness, and elasticity of the skin.
Mechanism of Action of the SIT-31 MetaboliteThe SIT-31 metabolite is described as a highly bioactive signaling molecule that produces a precisely controlled molecular microstress and initiates a protective cellular response in skin cells known as controlled hormesis. This process is associated with activation of natural tissue recovery mechanisms, including extracellular matrix (ECM) component synthesis, without inducing inflammatory responses.
SIT-31 is described as interacting with Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) located on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This interaction is associated with activation of intracellular signaling pathways, including the MyD88 → NF-κB signaling cascade. This signaling pattern is described as mimicking a pathogen-associated stimulus, placing stem cells into a biologically responsive state associated with production of regulatory signaling mediators.
The bacterial RNA fraction contained in SIT-31 (not more than 0.9%) is described as functioning as a molecular switch that modulates this cellular response toward active synthesis and secretion of regulatory molecules into the extracellular environment.
These cells are associated with increased production of growth factors, including Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and interleukins (e.g., IL-10).